Notes on LaTeX symbols and usage.

Symbols I use the most

Text modification

Some of the frequently used symbols:

superscript - \textsuperscript{th}


subscript    - \textsubscript{s}



infinity       - \infty


dash            - the latex command is "---"

How to type single bond, double bond and triple bonds in LaTeX (for chemists)?

I found following is useful for Chemists.

https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Chemistry_formulae

How to add multi-line comments in LaTeX?.

\iffalse
Comment text that you don't want to appear in paper.
\fi

Next question will appear here. 

next
anserComment 
will appear here.

See this page on Wikipedia 

Letters

${\displaystyle \alpha }$ \alpha ${\displaystyle \beta }$ \beta ${\displaystyle \gamma }$ \gamma ${\displaystyle \delta }$ \delta ${\displaystyle \epsilon }$ \epsilon ${\displaystyle \zeta }$ \zeta

${\displaystyle \eta }$ \eta ${\displaystyle \theta }$ \theta ${\displaystyle \iota }$ \iota ${\displaystyle \kappa }$ \kappa ${\displaystyle \lambda }$ \lambda ${\displaystyle \mu }$ \mu

${\displaystyle \nu }$ \nu ${\displaystyle \xi }$ \xi ${\displaystyle \mathrm {o} }$ \omicron ${\displaystyle \pi }$ \pi ${\displaystyle \rho }$ \rho ${\displaystyle \sigma }$ \sigma

${\displaystyle \tau }$ \tau ${\displaystyle \upsilon }$ \upsilon ${\displaystyle \phi }$ \phi ${\displaystyle \chi }$ \chi ${\displaystyle \psi }$ \psi ${\displaystyle \omega }$ \omega

${\displaystyle \varepsilon }$ \varepsilon ${\displaystyle \vartheta }$ \vartheta ${\displaystyle \varkappa }$ \varkappa ${\displaystyle \varpi }$ \varpi ${\displaystyle \varrho }$ \varrho ${\displaystyle \varphi }$ \varphi ${\displaystyle \varsigma }$ \varsigma

${\displaystyle \Gamma }$ \Gamma ${\displaystyle \Delta }$ \Delta ${\displaystyle \Theta }$ \Theta ${\displaystyle \Lambda }$ \Lambda ${\displaystyle \Upsilon }$ \Upsilon ${\displaystyle \Xi }$ \Xi ${\displaystyle \Phi }$ \Phi

${\displaystyle \Pi }$ \Pi ${\displaystyle \Psi }$ \Psi ${\displaystyle \Sigma }$ \Sigma ${\displaystyle \Omega }$ \Omega ${\displaystyle \ }$ ${\displaystyle \digamma }$ \digamma ${\displaystyle \ }$

${\displaystyle \aleph }$ \aleph ${\displaystyle \beth }$ \beth ${\displaystyle \gimel }$ \gimel ${\displaystyle \daleth }$ \daleth ${\displaystyle \ }$ ${\displaystyle \ }$ ${\displaystyle \ }$

${\displaystyle \forall }$ \forall ${\displaystyle \exists }$ \exists ${\displaystyle \nexists }$ \nexists ${\displaystyle \Finv }$ \Finv ${\displaystyle \Game }$ \Game ${\displaystyle \backepsilon }$ \backepsilon

${\displaystyle \imath }$ \imath ${\displaystyle \jmath }$ \jmath ${\displaystyle \ell }$ \ell ${\displaystyle \Bbbk }$ \Bbbk ${\displaystyle \amalg }$ \amalg ${\displaystyle \nabla }$ \nabla ${\displaystyle \mho }$ \mho

${\displaystyle \partial }$ \partial ${\displaystyle \eth }$ \eth ${\displaystyle \hbar }$ \hbar ${\displaystyle \hslash }$ \hslash ${\displaystyle \Im }$ \Im ${\displaystyle \Re }$ \Re

${\displaystyle \wp }$ \wp ${\displaystyle \emptyset }$ \O ${\displaystyle \emptyset }$ \emptyset ${\displaystyle \varnothing }$ \varnothing ${\displaystyle \complement }$ \complement ${\displaystyle \circledS }$ \circledS

${\displaystyle {\acute {a}}}$ \acute{a} ${\displaystyle {\hat {a}}}$ \hat{a} ${\displaystyle {\ddot {a}}}$ \ddot{a} ${\displaystyle {\bar {a}}}$ \bar{a} ${\displaystyle {\tilde {a}}}$ \tilde{a}

${\displaystyle {\grave {a}}}$ \grave{a} ${\displaystyle {\check {a}}}$ \check{a} ${\displaystyle {\dot {a}}}$ \dot{a} ${\displaystyle {\breve {a}}}$ \breve{a} ${\displaystyle {\vec {a}}}$ \vec{a}

${\displaystyle \prime }$ \prime ${\displaystyle \backprime }$ \backprime ${\displaystyle \P }$ \P ${\displaystyle \S }$ \S ${\displaystyle \mathrm {\AA} }$ \AA

${\displaystyle {\frac {abc}{def}}}$ \frac{abc}{def} ${\displaystyle {\sqrt {abc}}}$ \sqrt{abc} ${\displaystyle {\sqrt[{n}]{abc}}}$ \sqrt[n]{abc}

${\displaystyle {\overline {abc}}}$ \overline{abc} ${\displaystyle {\underline {abc}}}$ \underline{abc} ${\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {abc}}}$ \overrightarrow{abc} ${\displaystyle {\overleftarrow {abc}}}$ \overleftarrow{abc}

${\displaystyle \overbrace {abc} }$ \overbrace{abc} ${\displaystyle \underbrace {abc} }$ \underbrace{abc} ${\displaystyle {\widehat {abc}}}$ \widehat{abc} ${\displaystyle \ }$

Fonts

${\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}$ \mathcal{A}	${\displaystyle {\mathcal {ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}}}$
${\displaystyle \mathbb {A} }$ \mathbb{A}	${\displaystyle \mathbb {ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ} }$
${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {A}}}$ \mathfrak{A}	${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}}}$ ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}}}$ ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {0123456789}}}$
${\displaystyle {\mathsf {A}}}$ \mathsf{A}	${\displaystyle {\mathsf {ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}}}$ ${\displaystyle {\mathsf {abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}}}$ ${\displaystyle {\mathsf {0123456789}}}$
${\displaystyle \mathbf {A} }$ \mathbf{A}	${\displaystyle \mathbf {ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ} }$ ${\displaystyle \mathbf {abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz} }$ ${\displaystyle \mathbf {0123456789} }$
${\displaystyle {\textbf {A}}}$ \textbf{A}	${\displaystyle {\textbf {ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}}}$ ${\displaystyle {\textbf {abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}}}$ ${\displaystyle {\textbf {0123456789}}}$

Common functions

${\displaystyle \sin }$ \sin ${\displaystyle \arcsin }$ \arcsin ${\displaystyle \sinh }$ \sinh ${\displaystyle \ }$

${\displaystyle \cos }$ \cos ${\displaystyle \arccos }$ \arccos ${\displaystyle \cosh }$ \cosh ${\displaystyle \ }$

${\displaystyle \tan }$ \tan ${\displaystyle \arctan }$ \arctan ${\displaystyle \tanh }$ \tanh ${\displaystyle \ }$

${\displaystyle \cot }$ \cot ${\displaystyle \coth }$ \coth ${\displaystyle \sec }$ \sec ${\displaystyle \csc }$ \csc

${\displaystyle \exp }$ \exp ${\displaystyle \log }$ \log ${\displaystyle \ln }$ \ln ${\displaystyle \lg }$ \lg

${\displaystyle \min }$ \min ${\displaystyle \max }$ \max ${\displaystyle \inf }$ \inf ${\displaystyle \sup }$ \sup

${\displaystyle \lim }$ \lim ${\displaystyle \liminf }$ \liminf ${\displaystyle \limsup }$ \limsup ${\displaystyle \ }$

${\displaystyle \arg }$ \arg ${\displaystyle \deg }$ \deg ${\displaystyle \det }$ \det ${\displaystyle \dim }$ \dim

${\displaystyle \gcd }$ \gcd ${\displaystyle \hom }$ \hom ${\displaystyle \ker }$ \ker ${\displaystyle \Pr }$ \Pr

Big symbols

${\displaystyle \prod }$ \prod ${\displaystyle \bigcap }$ \bigcap ${\displaystyle \bigwedge }$ \bigwedge

${\displaystyle \coprod }$ \coprod ${\displaystyle \bigcup }$ \bigcup ${\displaystyle \bigvee }$ \bigvee ${\displaystyle \bigsqcup }$ \bigsqcup

${\displaystyle \sum }$ \sum ${\displaystyle \biguplus }$ \biguplus ${\displaystyle \bigoplus }$ \bigoplus ${\displaystyle \bigotimes }$ \bigotimes ${\displaystyle \bigodot }$ \bigodot

${\displaystyle \int }$ \int ${\displaystyle \oint }$ \oint ${\displaystyle \iint }$ \iint ${\displaystyle \iiint }$ \iiint ${\displaystyle \iiiint }$ \iiiint

Arrows

${\displaystyle \leftarrow }$ \leftarrow ${\displaystyle \Leftarrow }$ \Leftarrow ${\displaystyle \leftharpoonup }$ \leftharpoonup ${\displaystyle \leftharpoondown }$ \leftharpoondown ${\displaystyle \leftleftarrows }$ \leftleftarrows

${\displaystyle \rightarrow }$ \rightarrow ${\displaystyle \Rightarrow }$ \Rightarrow ${\displaystyle \rightharpoonup }$ \rightharpoonup ${\displaystyle \rightharpoondown }$ \rightharpoondown ${\displaystyle \rightrightarrows }$ \rightrightarrows

${\displaystyle \uparrow }$ \uparrow ${\displaystyle \Uparrow }$ \Uparrow ${\displaystyle \upharpoonleft }$ \upharpoonleft ${\displaystyle \upharpoonright }$ \upharpoonright ${\displaystyle \upuparrows }$ \upuparrows

${\displaystyle \downarrow }$ \downarrow ${\displaystyle \Downarrow }$ \Downarrow ${\displaystyle \downharpoonleft }$ \downharpoonleft ${\displaystyle \downharpoonright }$ \downharpoonright ${\displaystyle \downdownarrows }$ \downdownarrows

${\displaystyle \longleftarrow }$ \longleftarrow ${\displaystyle \Longleftarrow }$ \Longleftarrow ${\displaystyle \hookleftarrow }$ \hookleftarrow ${\displaystyle \leftrightharpoons }$ \leftrightharpoons ${\displaystyle \leftrightarrows }$ \leftrightarrows ${\displaystyle \Lleftarrow }$ \Lleftarrow ${\displaystyle \Lsh }$ \Lsh ${\displaystyle \leftarrowtail }$ \leftarrowtail ${\displaystyle \twoheadleftarrow }$ \twoheadleftarrow ${\displaystyle \curvearrowleft }$ \curvearrowleft ${\displaystyle \circlearrowleft }$ \circlearrowleft ${\displaystyle \looparrowleft }$ \looparrowleft

${\displaystyle \longrightarrow }$ \longrightarrow ${\displaystyle \Longrightarrow }$ \Longrightarrow ${\displaystyle \hookrightarrow }$ \hookrightarrow ${\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }$ \rightleftharpoons ${\displaystyle \rightleftarrows }$ \rightleftarrows ${\displaystyle \Rrightarrow }$ \Rrightarrow ${\displaystyle \Rsh }$ \Rsh ${\displaystyle \rightarrowtail }$ \rightarrowtail ${\displaystyle \twoheadrightarrow }$ \twoheadrightarrow ${\displaystyle \curvearrowright }$ \curvearrowright ${\displaystyle \circlearrowright }$ \circlearrowright ${\displaystyle \looparrowright }$ \looparrowright

${\displaystyle \leftrightarrow }$ \leftrightarrow ${\displaystyle \longleftrightarrow }$ \longleftrightarrow ${\displaystyle \updownarrow }$ \updownarrow ${\displaystyle \nleftarrow }$ \nleftarrow ${\displaystyle \nrightarrow }$ \nrightarrow ${\displaystyle \nleftrightarrow }$ \nleftrightarrow

${\displaystyle \Leftrightarrow }$ \Leftrightarrow ${\displaystyle \Longleftrightarrow }$ \Longleftrightarrow ${\displaystyle \Updownarrow }$ \Updownarrow ${\displaystyle \nLeftarrow }$ \nLeftarrow ${\displaystyle \nRightarrow }$ \nRightarrow ${\displaystyle \nLeftrightarrow }$ \nLeftrightarrow

${\displaystyle \mapsto }$ \mapsto ${\displaystyle \longmapsto }$ \longmapsto ${\displaystyle \multimap }$ \multimap ${\displaystyle \ }$ ${\displaystyle \rightsquigarrow }$ \rightsquigarrow ${\displaystyle \leftrightsquigarrow }$ \leftrightsquigarrow

${\displaystyle \swarrow }$ \swarrow

${\displaystyle \searrow }$ \searrow

${\displaystyle \nwarrow }$ \nwarrow

${\displaystyle \nearrow }$ \nearrow

Order symbols

Some of the following symbols require \usepackage{amssymb} in the preamble

${\displaystyle <}$ < ${\displaystyle \leq }$ \leq ${\displaystyle \ }$ ${\displaystyle \leqq }$ \leqq ${\displaystyle \ }$ ${\displaystyle \ }$ ${\displaystyle \leqslant }$ \leqslant

${\displaystyle >}$ > ${\displaystyle \geq }$ \geq ${\displaystyle \ }$ ${\displaystyle \geqq }$ \geqq ${\displaystyle \ }$ ${\displaystyle \ }$ ${\displaystyle \geqslant }$ \geqslant

${\displaystyle \nless }$ \nless ${\displaystyle \nleq }$ \nleq ${\displaystyle \lneq }$ \lneq ${\displaystyle \nleqq }$ \nleqq ${\displaystyle \lneqq }$ \lneqq ${\displaystyle \lvertneqq }$ \lvertneqq ${\displaystyle \nleqslant }$ \nleqslant

${\displaystyle \ngtr }$ \ngtr ${\displaystyle \ngeq }$ \ngeq ${\displaystyle \gneq }$ \gneq ${\displaystyle \ngeqq }$ \ngeqq ${\displaystyle \gneqq }$ \gneqq ${\displaystyle \gvertneqq }$ \gvertneqq ${\displaystyle \ngeqslant }$ \ngeqslant

${\displaystyle \vartriangleleft }$ \vartriangleleft ${\displaystyle \trianglelefteq }$ \trianglelefteq ${\displaystyle \lesssim }$ \lesssim ${\displaystyle \lessapprox }$ \lessapprox ${\displaystyle \prec }$ \prec ${\displaystyle \preceq }$ \preceq ${\displaystyle \precsim }$ \precsim ${\displaystyle \precapprox }$ \precapprox

${\displaystyle \vartriangleright }$ \vartriangleright ${\displaystyle \trianglerighteq }$ \trianglerighteq ${\displaystyle \gtrsim }$ \gtrsim ${\displaystyle \gtrapprox }$ \gtrapprox ${\displaystyle \succ }$ \succ ${\displaystyle \succeq }$ \succeq ${\displaystyle \succsim }$ \succsim ${\displaystyle \succapprox }$ \succapprox

${\displaystyle \ntriangleleft }$ \ntriangleleft ${\displaystyle \ntrianglelefteq }$ \ntrianglelefteq ${\displaystyle \lnsim }$ \lnsim ${\displaystyle \lnapprox }$ \lnapprox ${\displaystyle \nprec }$ \nprec ${\displaystyle \npreceq }$ \npreceq ${\displaystyle \precnsim }$ \precnsim ${\displaystyle \precnapprox }$ \precnapprox

${\displaystyle \ntriangleright }$ \ntriangleright ${\displaystyle \ntrianglerighteq }$ \ntrianglerighteq ${\displaystyle \gnsim }$ \gnsim ${\displaystyle \gnapprox }$ \gnapprox ${\displaystyle \nsucc }$ \nsucc ${\displaystyle \nsucceq }$ \nsucceq ${\displaystyle \succnsim }$ \succnsim ${\displaystyle \succnapprox }$ \succnapprox

${\displaystyle \eqslantless }$ \eqslantless ${\displaystyle \lessgtr }$ \lessgtr ${\displaystyle \lesseqgtr }$ \lesseqgtr ${\displaystyle \lesseqqgtr }$ \lesseqqgtr

${\displaystyle \eqslantgtr }$ \eqslantgtr ${\displaystyle \gtrless }$ \gtrless ${\displaystyle \gtreqless }$ \gtreqless ${\displaystyle \gtreqqless }$ \gtreqqless

${\displaystyle \ll }$ \ll ${\displaystyle \lll }$ \lll ${\displaystyle \lessdot }$ \lessdot ${\displaystyle \preccurlyeq }$ \preccurlyeq ${\displaystyle \curlyeqprec }$ \curlyeqprec

${\displaystyle \gg }$ \gg ${\displaystyle \ggg }$ \ggg ${\displaystyle \gtrdot }$ \gtrdot ${\displaystyle \succcurlyeq }$ \succcurlyeq ${\displaystyle \curlyeqsucc }$ \curlyeqsucc

Set symbols

${\displaystyle \subset }$ \subset ${\displaystyle \Subset }$ \Subset ${\displaystyle \sqsubset }$ \sqsubset ${\displaystyle \triangleleft }$ \triangleleft ${\displaystyle \blacktriangleleft }$ \blacktriangleleft

${\displaystyle \supset }$ \supset ${\displaystyle \Supset }$ \Supset ${\displaystyle \sqsupset }$ \sqsupset ${\displaystyle \triangleright }$ \triangleright ${\displaystyle \blacktriangleright }$ \blacktriangleright

${\displaystyle \cap }$ \cap ${\displaystyle \Cap }$ \Cap ${\displaystyle \sqcap }$ \sqcap ${\displaystyle \vartriangle }$ \vartriangle ${\displaystyle \blacktriangle }$ \blacktriangle

${\displaystyle \cup }$ \cup ${\displaystyle \Cup }$ \Cup ${\displaystyle \sqcup }$ \sqcup ${\displaystyle \triangledown }$ \triangledown ${\displaystyle \blacktriangledown }$ \blacktriangledown

${\displaystyle \in }$ \in ${\displaystyle \subseteq }$ \subseteq ${\displaystyle \ }$ ${\displaystyle \ }$ ${\displaystyle \subseteqq }$ \subseteqq ${\displaystyle \ }$ ${\displaystyle \ }$ ${\displaystyle \sqsubseteq }$ \sqsubseteq

${\displaystyle \ni }$ \ni ${\displaystyle \supseteq }$ \supseteq ${\displaystyle \ }$ ${\displaystyle \ }$ ${\displaystyle \supseteqq }$ \supseteqq ${\displaystyle \ }$ ${\displaystyle \ }$ ${\displaystyle \sqsupseteq }$ \sqsupseteq

${\displaystyle \notin }$ \notin ${\displaystyle \nsubseteq }$ \nsubseteq ${\displaystyle \subsetneq }$ \subsetneq ${\displaystyle \varsubsetneq }$ \varsubsetneq ${\displaystyle \nsubseteqq }$ \nsubseteqq ${\displaystyle \subsetneqq }$ \subsetneqq ${\displaystyle \varsubsetneqq }$ \varsubsetneqq ${\displaystyle \ }$

${\displaystyle \uplus }$ \uplus ${\displaystyle \nsupseteq }$ \nsupseteq ${\displaystyle \supsetneq }$ \supsetneq ${\displaystyle \varsupsetneq }$ \varsupsetneq ${\displaystyle \nsupseteqq }$ \nsupseteqq ${\displaystyle \supsetneqq }$ \supsetneqq ${\displaystyle \varsupsetneqq }$ \varsupsetneqq ${\displaystyle \ }$

Equality and inference

${\displaystyle =}$ = ${\displaystyle \neq }$ \neq ${\displaystyle \equiv }$ \equiv ${\displaystyle \thickapprox }$ \thickapprox ${\displaystyle \approx }$ \approx ${\displaystyle \approxeq }$ \approxeq ${\displaystyle \cong }$ \cong ${\displaystyle \ncong }$ \ncong

${\displaystyle \sim }$ \sim ${\displaystyle \thicksim }$ \thicksim ${\displaystyle \nsim }$ \nsim ${\displaystyle \simeq }$ \simeq ${\displaystyle \backsim }$ \backsim ${\displaystyle \backsimeq }$ \backsimeq ${\displaystyle \eqsim }$ \eqsim

${\displaystyle \doteq }$ \doteq ${\displaystyle \div }$ \div ${\displaystyle \doteqdot }$ \doteqdot ${\displaystyle \fallingdotseq }$ \fallingdotseq ${\displaystyle \risingdotseq }$ \risingdotseq

${\displaystyle \triangleq }$ \triangleq ${\displaystyle \circeq }$ \circeq ${\displaystyle \eqcirc }$ \eqcirc ${\displaystyle \bumpeq }$ \bumpeq ${\displaystyle \Bumpeq }$ \Bumpeq ${\displaystyle \asymp }$ \asymp

${\displaystyle \mid }$ \mid ${\displaystyle \shortmid }$ \shortmid ${\displaystyle \vdash }$ \vdash ${\displaystyle \dashv }$ \dashv ${\displaystyle \Vdash }$ \Vdash ${\displaystyle \ }$

${\displaystyle \parallel }$ \parallel ${\displaystyle \shortparallel }$ \shortparallel ${\displaystyle \vDash }$ \vDash ${\displaystyle \ }$ ${\displaystyle \Vvdash }$ \Vvdash ${\displaystyle \models }$ \models

${\displaystyle \nmid }$ \nmid ${\displaystyle \nshortmid }$ \nshortmid ${\displaystyle \nvdash }$ \nvdash ${\displaystyle \ }$ ${\displaystyle \nVdash }$ \nVdash ${\displaystyle \ }$

${\displaystyle \nparallel }$ \nparallel ${\displaystyle \nshortparallel }$ \nshortparallel ${\displaystyle \nvDash }$ \nvDash ${\displaystyle \ }$ ${\displaystyle \nVDash }$ \nVDash ${\displaystyle \ }$

Brackets

${\displaystyle \lfloor }$ \lfloor ${\displaystyle \llcorner }$ \llcorner

${\displaystyle \rfloor }$ \rfloor ${\displaystyle \lrcorner }$ \lrcorner

${\displaystyle \lceil }$ \lceil ${\displaystyle \ulcorner }$ \ulcorner

${\displaystyle \rceil }$ \rceil ${\displaystyle \urcorner }$ \urcorner

${\displaystyle |}$ | ${\displaystyle \vert }$ \vert

${\displaystyle \|}$ \| ${\displaystyle \Vert }$ \Vert

${\displaystyle \{}$ \{ ${\displaystyle \}}$ \}

${\displaystyle \langle }$ \langle ${\displaystyle \rangle }$ \rangle

${\displaystyle /}$ / ${\displaystyle \backslash }$ \backslash

${\displaystyle [}$ [ ${\displaystyle ]}$ ]

${\displaystyle (}$ ( ${\displaystyle )}$ )

Other symbols

${\displaystyle \infty }$ \infty ${\displaystyle \propto }$ \propto ${\displaystyle \varpropto }$ \varpropto ${\displaystyle \bowtie }$ \bowtie ${\displaystyle \ltimes }$ \ltimes ${\displaystyle \rtimes }$ \rtimes

${\displaystyle \intercal }$ \intercal ${\displaystyle \dotplus }$ \dotplus ${\displaystyle \times }$ \times ${\displaystyle \wr }$ \wr ${\displaystyle \pitchfork }$ \pitchfork

${\displaystyle \surd }$ \surd ${\displaystyle \setminus }$ \setminus ${\displaystyle \diagdown }$ \diagdown ${\displaystyle \diagup }$ \diagup ${\displaystyle \leftthreetimes }$ \leftthreetimes ${\displaystyle \rightthreetimes }$ \rightthreetimes

${\displaystyle \perp }$ \perp ${\displaystyle \between }$ \between ${\displaystyle \asymp }$ \asymp ${\displaystyle \angle }$ \angle ${\displaystyle \measuredangle }$ \measuredangle ${\displaystyle \sphericalangle }$ \sphericalangle

${\displaystyle \bot }$ \bot ${\displaystyle \wedge }$ \wedge ${\displaystyle \barwedge }$ \barwedge ${\displaystyle \doublebarwedge }$ \doublebarwedge ${\displaystyle \therefore }$ \therefore ${\displaystyle \ }$

${\displaystyle \top }$ \top ${\displaystyle \vee }$ \vee ${\displaystyle \veebar }$ \veebar ${\displaystyle \ }$ ${\displaystyle \because }$ \because ${\displaystyle \ }$

${\displaystyle \pm }$ \pm ${\displaystyle \curlywedge }$ \curlywedge ${\displaystyle \smallfrown }$ \smallfrown ${\displaystyle \frown }$ \frown ${\displaystyle \bigtriangleup }$ \bigtriangleup ${\displaystyle \triangle }$ \triangle

${\displaystyle \mp }$ \mp ${\displaystyle \curlyvee }$ \curlyvee ${\displaystyle \smallsmile }$ \smallsmile ${\displaystyle \smile }$ \smile ${\displaystyle \bigtriangledown }$ \bigtriangledown ${\displaystyle \ }$

${\displaystyle \cdot }$ \cdot ${\displaystyle \circ }$ \circ ${\displaystyle \bullet }$ \bullet ${\displaystyle \centerdot }$ \centerdot

${\displaystyle \cdots }$ \cdots ${\displaystyle \vdots }$ \vdots ${\displaystyle \ldots }$ \ldots ${\displaystyle \ddots }$ \ddots

${\displaystyle \circledcirc }$ \circledcirc ${\displaystyle \circleddash }$ \circleddash ${\displaystyle \circledast }$ \circledast ${\displaystyle \bigcirc }$ \bigcirc ${\displaystyle \divideontimes }$ \divideontimes ${\displaystyle \ }$

${\displaystyle \odot }$ \odot ${\displaystyle \oplus }$ \oplus ${\displaystyle \ominus }$ \ominus ${\displaystyle \otimes }$ \otimes ${\displaystyle \oslash }$ \oslash ${\displaystyle \ }$

${\displaystyle \boxdot }$ \boxdot ${\displaystyle \boxplus }$ \boxplus ${\displaystyle \boxminus }$ \boxminus ${\displaystyle \boxtimes }$ \boxtimes ${\displaystyle \Box }$ \Box ${\displaystyle \ }$

${\displaystyle \diamondsuit }$ \diamondsuit ${\displaystyle \clubsuit }$ \clubsuit ${\displaystyle \heartsuit }$ \heartsuit ${\displaystyle \spadesuit }$ \spadesuit ${\displaystyle \ }$

${\displaystyle \lozenge }$ \lozenge ${\displaystyle \blacklozenge }$ \blacklozenge ${\displaystyle \square }$ \square ${\displaystyle \blacksquare }$ \blacksquare ${\displaystyle \ }$

${\displaystyle \diamond }$ \diamond ${\displaystyle \Diamond }$ \Diamond ${\displaystyle \ast }$ \ast ${\displaystyle \star }$ \star ${\displaystyle \bigstar }$ \bigstar

${\displaystyle \sharp }$ \sharp ${\displaystyle \flat }$ \flat ${\displaystyle \natural }$ \natural ${\displaystyle \dagger }$ \dagger ${\displaystyle \ddagger }$ \ddagger

Alphabets with special characters on it.

LaTeX command	Sample	Description
\`{o}	ò	grave accent
\'{o}	ó	acute accent
\^{o}	ô	circumflex
\"{o}	ö	umlaut, trema or dieresis
\H{o}	ő	long Hungarian umlaut (double acute)
\~{o}	õ	tilde
\c{c}	ç	cedilla
\k{a}	ą	ogonek
\l{}	ł	barred l (l with stroke)
\={o}	ō	macron accent (a bar over the letter)
\b{o}	o	bar under the letter
\.{o}	ȯ	dot over the letter
\d{u}	ụ	dot under the letter
\r{a}	å	ring over the letter (for å there is also the special command \aa)
\u{o}	ŏ	breve over the letter
\v{s}	š	caron/háček ("v") over the letter
\t{oo}	o͡o	"tie" (inverted u) over the two letters
\o	ø	slashed o (o with stroke)

Install and use chemdataextractor

conda install -c chemdataextractor chemdataextractor
or
pip install ChemDataExtractor

(For more info, see this docs page.)

Use:

In the termial, type python and enter

>>> doc = Document('UV-vis spectrum of 5,10,15,20-Tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin in Tetrahydrofuran (THF).')

>>> doc.cems

I get following error.

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/home/lib/python2.7/site-packages/chemdataextractor/doc/document.py", line 355, in cems
    return list(set([n for el in self.elements for n in el.cems]))
  File "/home/lib/python2.7/site-packages/chemdataextractor/doc/text.py", line 213, in cems
    return [cem for sent in self.sentences for cem in sent.cems]
    raise ModelNotFoundError('Could not load %s. Have you run `cde data download`?' % path)
chemdataextractor.errors.ModelNotFoundError: Could not load models/punkt_chem-1.0.pickle. Have you run `cde data download`?

It seems that the chemdataextractor project is not updated for last 3 years. However, the authors publish new papers based on this package.

Also note that this package works with Python 3.6.0 version of python or earlier version. It throws bugs if you use with later version of python.